Another key application is in the manufacturing of insulation materials
Moreover, titanium dioxide is also used in rubber formulations to improve the processing and curing properties of rubber compounds. It acts as a catalyst in the vulcanization process, speeding up the cross-linking of rubber molecules and enhancing the overall performance of the final product. This results in rubber products that are stronger, more flexible, and better suited for a wide range of applications.
- After blending, the mixture undergoes a calcination process, where it is heated to remove any moisture and improve its stability. The calcination temperature and duration vary depending on the specific requirements of the final product. Following this, the lithopone is cooled and then ground again to achieve the desired particle size distribution.
- The production process within these factories is intricate and requires precise control over chemical reactions. First, the raw rutile ore is extracted from mines and then crushed into a fine powder. This powder undergoes a series of leaching processes to remove impurities. Afterward, it is subjected to the chlorination process, where it reacts with chlorine gas at high temperatures to produce titanium tetrachloride. This compound is then refined further through vapor deposition or oxidation to yield high-purity titanium dioxide.
- Suppliers also offer custom formulations of titanium dioxide tailored to specific applications. Surface treatments can be applied to modify the material's properties, enhancing its dispersibility in plastics or increasing its UV absorption capabilities in sunscreens. This level of customization requires close collaboration between suppliers and their industrial customers to ensure that the final product meets the desired performance criteria.
- Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a versatile white pigment that is commonly used in a variety of products, including paints. Universal type products, such as the TiO2 pigment R996, are popular choices for paint manufacturers due to their high quality and excellent performance.
ZnSO4 – BaS ➔ BaSO4*ZnS




Well asides from making you re-think that M & M addiction (chocolate coated in Titanium Dioxide…..anyone?!)


Resistance to heat, light and weathering prevents degradation of paint and in films and embrittlement of plastics.

titanium dioxide used in paper.
Durabo White, 24.5 per cent zinc sulphide, 51 per cent barium sulphate, 18 per cent white clay, 5.5 per cent infusorial earth.
RRAM and the New Computing Paradigm


Research supports that applying titanium dioxide to the skin in the form of sunscreens, makeup, and other topical products does not pose any health risks.
For a review published in 2023 in the journal Environmental Pollution, researchers examined E171 as a possible factor promoting obesity-related metabolic disorders. Because gut microbiota play an important role in immune function maintenance and development, and because titanium dioxide as a food additive has been shown to alter gut microbiota, researchers wanted to review “the dysregulations along the gut microbiota-immune system axis after oral TiO2 exposure compared to those reported in obese or diabetic patients, and to highlight potential mechanisms by which foodborne TiO2 nanoparticles may increase the susceptibility to develop obesity-related metabolic disorders.” The study authors discovered recurrent changes in the gut microbiota composition when exposed to titanium dioxide nanoparticles, with an imbalance of intestinal symbiotic microbiota. These changes and imbalances were also reported and played a role in the development of obesity, the authors wrote. This highlights “foodborne TiO2 nanoparticles as an endocrine disruptor-like chemical promoting obesity-related disorders,” the authors concluded.


Nanotoxicology