Moreover, FRP ducts are lightweight, which significantly reduces the installation time and labor costs. Their light weight also lessens the load on building structures, making them suitable for high-rise buildings and other large-scale projects. In addition, the non-conductive nature of FRP minimizes the risk of electrical hazards, enhancing workplace safety In addition, the non-conductive nature of FRP minimizes the risk of electrical hazards, enhancing workplace safety


- The dimensions 45x62x8 denote the outer diameter, inner diameter, and thickness of the oil seal, respectively. In this case, the outer diameter measures 45mm, the inner diameter stands at 62mm, and the thickness is 8mm. These measurements are critical as they determine the compatibility of the seal with different mechanical components, ensuring a snug fit and optimal performance.
- 5. Clean the mating surfaces of the cylinder head and engine block to ensure a good seal.
The seal shown in Fig. 14.2 is a relatively simple design; most automotive seals are more complex. Dust lips are often used to keep outside contaminants away from the oil lip seals; such seals thus have undercuts that make demolding more difficult. Fluoroelastomer compounds used for such undercut shapes must have reasonably high elongation at break at molding temperatures to avoid tearing the part during demolding. The metal insert is often U-shaped, and stock may be molded to form a thin layer over the outside of the insert. Since both compression and injection molding methods are used, suppliers of fluoroelastomers for shaft-seal applications often must provide different versions of the same polymer composition-medium to high viscosity for compression molding, and low to medium viscosity for injection molding. Different precompounds may be necessary to accommodate relatively long compression-molding times at low temperature and very short injection-molding times at high temperature.
Raise the jack to take the weight of the engine off its mountings. Make sure you do not strain the radiator hoses or other connections. If in doubt, drain the radiator and disconnect the hoses (See How to remove a car radiator ).
Selecting Quality Silicone and Rubber Gaskets
Table 8 shows the housing design checklist.