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The drilling process itself involves a technique known as 'circulation.' A drilling fluid, commonly referred to as 'mud,' is continuously pumped down the drill string, through the bit, and back up the annulus between the drill string and the walls of the hole. This fluid serves multiple purposes it cools and lubricates the bit, carries cuttings to the surface, stabilizes the borehole, and provides hydrostatic pressure to prevent underground fluids from entering.

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Another challenge is the presence of natural fractures and cavities within the limestone. These can lead to instability during drilling, potentially causing borehole collapse or drilling deviation. To address this, engineers use techniques like underreaming or casing to reinforce the hole and maintain stability. Additionally, detailed geological surveys are conducted before drilling to identify and map these features, allowing for strategic planning Additionally, detailed geological surveys are conducted before drilling to identify and map these features, allowing for strategic planning Additionally, detailed geological surveys are conducted before drilling to identify and map these features, allowing for strategic planning Additionally, detailed geological surveys are conducted before drilling to identify and map these features, allowing for strategic planningdrilling through limestone.

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