Below the taper, sits the shaft. This leads down to the base of the manhole. In significantly deeper manholes there will be a notable separation between the shaft and chamber. The diameter of the shaft varies between 1m to 1.8m.
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The creation of manhole cover starts from gathering its raw materials to be used. It could be made out of a an iron, concrete, or a combination of both, manhole cover design should carefully considers the standard dimensions and purpose.