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One of the key components of rock drill tools is the drill bit, which is the cutting tool that makes contact with the rock surface. Drill bits come in a variety of shapes and sizes, each designed for specific types of rock formations. For harder rock, carbide-tipped drill bits are commonly used, while softer rock may require diamond bits for effective drilling. The choice of drill bit depends on the type of rock being drilled and the required precision of the tunnel.

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In recent decades, carbon aerogels have been widely explored by using graphitic carbons and soft carbons, which show advantages in superelasticity. These elastic aerogels usually have delicate microstructures with good fatigue resistance but ultralow strength. Hard carbons show great advantages in mechanical strength and structural stability due to the sp3 C-induced turbostratic “house-of-cards” structure. However, the stiffness and fragility clearly get in the way of achieving superelasticity with hard carbons. Up to now, it is still a challenge to fabricate superelastic hard carbon-based aerogels.

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