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Drill rods, typically made from premium quality steel, are slender, cylindrical bars that connect the drilling machinery to the bit at the bottom of the borehole. They serve as a conduit for transmitting torque, drilling fluid, and the force necessary to advance the drill bit into the ground. The term drill rod steel refers to the specific type of steel used in the manufacturing of these rods, which must possess exceptional mechanical properties.

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The drilling process itself involves a technique known as 'circulation.' A drilling fluid, commonly referred to as 'mud,' is continuously pumped down the drill string, through the bit, and back up the annulus between the drill string and the walls of the hole. This fluid serves multiple purposes it cools and lubricates the bit, carries cuttings to the surface, stabilizes the borehole, and provides hydrostatic pressure to prevent underground fluids from entering.

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Another key factor to consider is the size and shape of the thread tap drill bit. The size of the drill bit corresponds to the size of the tap, which determines the thread size and pitch. Common thread sizes include 1/4, 3/8, and 1/2, with corresponding drill bit sizes to match. The shape of the drill bit can vary, with options like spiral flute, straight flute, or spiral point depending on the desired thread type and hole depth.

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