
O-rings are one of the items used to prevent leaks and product failures. Due to their cogent functions, it’s important that they are installed appropriately without causing any damage in the process.

spark plug factory. Spark plugs undergo testing for resistance, durability, thermal performance, and overall functionality before they are approved for use in vehicles.
Rubber type
In addition to starting the engine, the ignition spark plug also plays a role in regulating the engine's performance. A properly functioning spark plug can improve fuel efficiency, reduce emissions, and maintain engine power. On the other hand, a faulty spark plug can lead to issues such as misfiring, rough idling, and poor acceleration.

For bisphenol-cured VDF/HFP/TFE polymers, calcium hydroxide level should be low and magnesium oxide level should be high to promote adhesion to metal inserts. Thermal black or mineral fillers generally give good adhesion.3 For most adhesive systems, it is necessary to limit postcure temperatures to about 200°C (392°F).3


The garter spring is located at the end of the primary sealing lip and used to apply pressure to the sealing lip against the shaft. Common garter spring material types are: